{"id":3634,"date":"2026-03-31T15:30:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/?p=3634"},"modified":"2026-03-31T16:03:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T13:03:57","slug":"uluslararasi-cocuk-kacirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/?p=3634","title":{"rendered":"ULUSLARARASI \u00c7OCUK KA\u00c7IRMA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131na 21.01.1998 tarihinde imzalanan 1980 tarihli Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Ve\u00e7helerine \u0130li\u015fkin La Haye S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong>\u2019nin onaylanmas\u0131, 03.11.1999 tarih ve 4461 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla uygun bulunmu\u015f ve 29.12.1999 tarih ve 99\/13909 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile onaylanarak 23965 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 15.02.2000 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Anayasa m. 90\/5 uyar\u0131nca pozitif hukukumuza halihaz\u0131rda dahil olan S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 22\/11\/2007 tarihli, 5717 say\u0131l\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Y\u00f6n ve Kapsam\u0131na Dair Kanun<\/strong> ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Ve\u00e7helerine Dair Lahey S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 01\/01\/2006 tarihli ve 65 say\u0131l\u0131 Genelge<\/strong> do\u011frultusunda ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fme, yerel manada yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeninin bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf bir \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak bir ba\u015fka taraf \u00fclkeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi halinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeni bulunan \u00fclkeye iadesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

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        1. \u201c\u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rma\u201d Fiilinin Kapsam\u0131 ve Bir Y\u0131ll\u0131k S\u00fcre<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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          \u201c\u00c7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin konusunun ceza hukuku temelinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi izlenimi do\u011fmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r ancak i\u015fbu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, milletleraras\u0131 \u00f6zel hukuk ba\u011flam\u0131nda taraf devletlerin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan\/al\u0131koyulan \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskenine iadesini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik devletleraras\u0131 d\u00fczeyde i\u015fbirli\u011finde bulunmalar\u0131 esas\u0131na dayanan bir adli yard\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir.<\/p>\n

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          S\u00f6zle\u015fme ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma fiilinden anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenin ne oldu\u011fu da bir di\u011fer \u00f6nem arz eden meseledir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden anla\u015f\u0131lan odur ki; bir fiilin s\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6zle\u015fme anlam\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma fiili kapsam\u0131na girmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fun, mutad mesken hukukuna g\u00f6re velayetine sahip ki\u015fi veya kurumun r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mutad meskeni bulunan taraf \u00fclkeden bir ba\u015fka taraf \u00fclkeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

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          S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 12. maddesine g\u00f6re, iade prosed\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u015flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde gerekli m\u00fcracaat\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u0130lgili maddeye g\u00f6re bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra dahi m\u00fcracaatta bulunulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ancak bu a\u015famadan sonra m\u00fcracaat, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kullan\u0131lan ifadeye g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yeni \u00e7evresine intibak edip etmedi\u011fine, yani mutad meskeninin de\u011fi\u015fip de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n

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          Bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre kapsam\u0131na, dava s\u00fcrecinin dahil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir, bu hususta somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi muhakkakt\u0131r. Somut olaya g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede ge\u00e7en dava s\u00fcresinin ona yeni bir mutad mesken kazand\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yahut art\u0131k yeni bir ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131na sahip olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun iade edilmemesinin onun daha yarar\u0131na oldu\u011fu ifade edilebilir.<\/p>\n

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          \u0130adeye ili\u015fkin m\u00fcracaat\u0131n, ka\u00e7\u0131rma fiilinden itibaren bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortama al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul\u00fcne dayan\u0131larak iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 23.11.2016 tarihli, 2016\/24087 E., 2016\/15092 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/strong> \u201cYap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama ve toplanan delillerden; \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeninin … oldu\u011fu, daval\u0131 annenin, 20.08.2013 tarihinde ortak \u00e7ocuk 2008 do\u011fumlu …\u2019i mutad meskeni olan …\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirdi\u011fi, \u00e7ocu\u011fu annenin haks\u0131z olarak al\u0131koydu\u011fu, daval\u0131 baba taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutat meskene iadesinin temini i\u00e7in bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre ge\u00e7meden ba\u015fvuruda bulunuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ade iste\u011finin reddini gerektirecek vahim bir tehlikenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya geri d\u00f6nmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fun fiziksel ve psikolojik bir tehlikeye maruz b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcsamaha edilemeyecek bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fine dair ciddi bir riskin (S\u00f6z. m. 13\/b) ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kabul edilen di\u011fer iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131nma sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ocu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortama al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinin ise iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131nma sebebi olarak kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya al\u0131konulmas\u0131ndan itibaren bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra iade ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. <\/u>\u0130ade talep eden baba taraf\u0131ndan 1 y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden iade ba\u015fvurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 sebebiyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortama al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmaya dayan\u0131larak iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz. A\u00e7\u0131klanan sebeplerle, mahkemece iade karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ret h\u00fckm\u00fc kurulmas\u0131 do\u011fru bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d.I<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u00a0 <\/i>II.\u00a0\u00c7ocu\u011fun \u0130adesi S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n

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          (Gemini yapay zeka motoruna verilen talimatlarla haz\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n

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          \u00c7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeni olan \u00fclkeye iadesi prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ne \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamakta fayda bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 6. ve 7. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere, her taraf devlet; iade talepli m\u00fcracaatlar\u0131n y\u00f6neltildi\u011fi ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun bulunarak iade edilmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde g\u00f6revli olacak bir Merkezi Makam<\/strong> g\u00f6stermektedir ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck do\u011frultusunda belirledi\u011fi arac\u0131 kurum, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk ve D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>\u2019d\u00fcr[1]<\/strong><\/a>. 5717 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun m.4 uyar\u0131nca bu arac\u0131 kurum, gerekli s\u00fcreci mahalli Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla<\/strong> y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedirler.<\/p>\n

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          Taraf devletlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde var olan bu Merkezi Makam, \u00e7ocu\u011fun iadesini isteyen taraf\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 8\u2019e g\u00f6re olu\u015fturdu\u011fu talebini al\u0131r ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun taraf ba\u015fka bir devlette oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde olursa, talebi do\u011frudan s\u00f6z konusu taraf devletin merkezi makam\u0131na intikal ettirir[2]<\/strong><\/a> yahut ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u00fclke, halihaz\u0131rda \u00e7ocu\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u00fclkeyse, gerekli i\u015flemleri do\u011frudan ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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          \u00d6ncelikle S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.7\/2(c) ve 5717 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun m.5 uyar\u0131nca bu kurumlar marifetiyle sulh s\u00fcreci i\u015fletilmekte ve iadenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hedeflenmekte, \u015fayet iade prosed\u00fcr\u00fc uzla\u015f\u0131 ile sa\u011flanam\u0131yorsa Cumhuriyet Ba\u015favc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u201cdavaname\u201d do\u011frultusunda Aile Mahkemelerinde mutad meskene iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Kanunun 8. maddesinde, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda da dostane \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. O halde Mahkeme, uzmanlardan da yararlanarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun iadesini sulh yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6zmeye gayret g\u00f6sterir, bir sonu\u00e7 elde edemezse yarg\u0131lamaya devam eder.<\/p>\n

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          \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 gere\u011fi iadesi i\u00e7in merkezi makamlar\u0131n i\u015flettikleri s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili olarak etkin bir mekanizma kuruldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmelidir[3]<\/strong><\/a>. Uygulamada; do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi h\u0131zl\u0131 aksiyon al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u015fu halde, ilgili merciler gerekeli i\u015flemleri yerine getirirken fuzuli yere vakit kaybetmemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, avukat s\u0131fat\u0131yla takip edilen s\u00fcrece uygulanan mevzuat\u0131 iyi benimsemek ve Kanunda s\u0131ralanan usuli sisteme vak\u0131f olmak, kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

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          S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 11. maddesine g\u00f6re ise; s\u00f6zle\u015fmede d\u00fczenlenen usuli sistem takip edilerek bulunulan m\u00fcracaat tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 hafta i\u00e7inde \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad mesken \u00fclkesine iadenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Aksi halde m\u00fcracaatta bulunan \u00fclkenin ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi hukuki yollar da bu madde kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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              III. \u201cMutad Mesken\u201d Kavram\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

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              Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere \u201cmutad mesken\u201d kavram\u0131, medeni hukukumuzdaki \u201cikametgah\u201d kavram\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etmekte olup somut olaya g\u00f6re ki\u015finin fiili hayat durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak ya\u015fam ili\u015fkilerinin odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen yeri ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n

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              Bu noktada; \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeni belirlenirken ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, kendisine bakmakta olan ki\u015fiye ne d\u00fczeyde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle anne s\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu evrede kendisiyle ilgilenmekte olan annesinden ayr\u0131 bir mutad meskeni oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131[4]<\/strong><\/a>, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklu\u011funun hangi evresinde oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve mutad mesken tayininin de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilerek \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi eyleminin do\u011frudan s\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma kapsam\u0131na girmeyece\u011finin idrak edilmesi, \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

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              \u00d6te yandan, art\u0131k \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir hayat ili\u015fkisi kurabildi\u011fi evrede[5]<\/strong><\/a>, ya\u015fam gerekliliklerini yo\u011fun olarak gidermekte oldu\u011fu yerden kopar\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka bir taraf \u00fclkeye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde, \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in iadesinin gerekti\u011fi hususunda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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              \u00c7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak annesine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 gerektirecek vahim bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun<\/strong> 08.03.2022 tarihli, 2022\/145 E., 2022\/276 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re; <\/strong>\u201cA\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 ile taraflar\u0131n ayr\u0131 ya\u015famaya hak kazand\u0131klar\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ortak \u00e7ocu\u011fun gayri kanuni yollardan \u00fclkeye getirildi\u011finden ve al\u0131konuldu\u011fundan bahsedilemeyece\u011fi, bo\u015fanma dava dosyas\u0131nda al\u0131nan rapora uyumlu \u015fekilde vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tedbiren anneye verildi\u011fi, \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fdu\u011fu tarihten bu ana kadarki ya\u015fam\u0131nda annesinden hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fu anda \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00e2hi doldurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ya\u015ftaki bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anne sevgi ve \u015fefkatinden mahrum kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7ocu\u011fu fiziki ve psikolojik bir tehlikeye maruz b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/u> Kald\u0131 ki, direnme karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere iade h\u00e2linde baban\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ocu\u011fa \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 gerektirecek vahim bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Yeri gelmi\u015fken; S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 4. maddesine g\u00f6re, iadesi sa\u011flanacak \u00e7ocu\u011fun 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun 16 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurup doldurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karar tarihine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendiren Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi, 22.06.2020 tarihli, 2020\/1690 E, 2020\/3219 K., say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda;<\/strong> \u201c…’n\u0131n 09.07.2014 tarihli davanamesi ile … adl\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeni olan Almanya’ya iadesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup (\u2026) 1980 tarihli Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Ve\u00e7helerine Dair Lahey S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131, \u00e7ocuk on alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde sona erer. (S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.4) S\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fince mutad meskenin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkeye iadesi istenen \u00e7ocuk Musa Koray 24.10.2003 do\u011fumlu olup, karar tarihinde on alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi\u011finden,<\/u> s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uygulama alan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O halde mahkemece karar verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi hatal\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em> \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n
                  <\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  IV. \u0130ade Talebinin Reddi Karar\u0131n\u0131n Olas\u0131 Gerek\u00e7eleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.13\/1<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Yukar\u0131da yer verdi\u011fimiz birtak\u0131m \u00f6rneklere uygun \u015fekilde \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 ilkesinin gere\u011fi olarak verilen iade talebinin reddi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.13\/1(b)\u2019ye binaen in\u015fa edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130lgili madde \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u201cYukar\u0131daki madde h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ra\u011fmen, talepte bulunulan Devletin adli veya idari makam\u0131, geri d\u00f6nmeye itiraz eden ki\u015fi, kurum veya \u00f6rg\u00fct: a) \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u015fahs\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenmi\u015f bulunan ki\u015fi, kurum veya \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme veya al\u0131koyma d\u00f6neminde koruma hakk\u0131n\u0131 etkili \u015fekilde yerine getirmedi\u011fini veya yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye veya al\u0131koymaya muvafakat etmi\u015f oldu\u011funu veya daha sonra kabul etmi\u015f oldu\u011funu<\/u> veya, b) Geri d\u00f6nmesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fu fiziki veya psikolojik bir tehlikeye maruz b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde, m\u00fcsamaha edilemeyecek bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fi yolunda ciddi bir risk oldu\u011funu<\/u> tesbit ederse, \u00e7ocu\u011fun geri d\u00f6nmesini emretme zorunda de\u011fildir\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Bu maddeye dayan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan incelemelerin, uzman e\u015fli\u011finde titizlikle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak verilen Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 05.10.2016 tarihli, 2016\/10737 E., 2016\/13560 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re;<\/strong> \u201cMahkemece, 27.10.2007 do\u011fumlu …’nun mutad meskeninin bulundu\u011fu Almanya’ya iade edilmesi halinde, fiziki veya psikolojik bir tehlikeye maruz kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcsamaha edilemeyecek bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015fmeyece\u011fi konusunda ciddi bir risk bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan; sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, psikolog veya pedagog gibi bir uzmandan rapor al\u0131nmadan karar verilmi\u015ftir. Mahkemece iade halinde \u00e7ocu\u011fun fiziki veya psikolojik bir tehlikeye maruz kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 ya da ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcsamaha edilemeyecek bir duruma d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi yolunda ciddi bir riskin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda sosyal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, psikolog veya pedagog gibi b\u00eer uzmandan rapor al\u0131narak ve inceleme tarihi itibariyle kendisini ilgilendiren davada g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ifade etme olgunlu\u011funa eri\u015fen \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de al\u0131narak, sonucu uyar\u0131nca \u00e7ocu\u011fun iadesi hususunun de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/u> Bu y\u00f6n g\u00f6zetilmeksizin eksik inceleme sonucu yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.13\/2<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u00c7ocu\u011fun iadesine ili\u015fkin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun iste\u011finin ne y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funun de\u011ferlendirme konusu olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131, bir di\u011fer meseledir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 13. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda; \u00e7ocu\u011fun bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkedeki adli veya idari makama, \u00e7ocu\u011fun geri verilmesine itiraz etti\u011fini ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 bir ya\u015fa ve olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fmi\u015f bulundu\u011funu saptarsa, \u00e7ocu\u011fu geri vermeyi reddetme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Bu maddenin; \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.12 gere\u011fi medeni hukukumuz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da etki do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00fczere; velayet hakk\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7\u0131kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini olu\u015fturabilecek bir \u00e7a\u011fda oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilen \u00e7ocu\u011fun dinlenmesi ve iste\u011finin ne y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funun sorularak kendisini ilgilendiren konularda karar al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ilgili ilkesel d\u00fczenlemeyle uyum g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, medeni usul yarg\u0131lamam\u0131zda, kendiyle ilgili konularda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirebilecek olgunlu\u011fa eri\u015fti\u011fi kabul edilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Sosyal \u0130nceleme Raporlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla fikir beyan etmelerine imkan verildi\u011fi ve buna g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm kuruldu\u011fu malumumuz olup uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7ocuk ka\u00e7\u0131rma durumlar\u0131nda da bu y\u00f6nde de\u011ferlendirmeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Ancak; S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.13\/2 yoluyla \u00e7ocu\u011fu ka\u00e7\u0131ran\/al\u0131koyan taraf\u0131n, iade prosed\u00fcr\u00fc tamamlanana kadar \u00e7ocu\u011fu manip\u00fcle ederek iadeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama imkan\u0131 elde etti\u011fini[6]<\/strong><\/a>, mahkemelerin bu gibi durumlar\u0131 titiz de\u011ferlendirmesi gerekti\u011fini, \u00e7ocu\u011fun ger\u00e7ekten yarar\u0131na olacak karar\u0131n hangisi oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6zenli bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmakla ilgili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorumluluk alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek isteriz.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fekilde olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini kabul eden Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 13.11.2013 tarihli, 2013\/1772 E., 2013\/1557 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re; <\/strong>\u201cG.1999 do\u011fumlu olup, dinlenildi\u011fi tarihte ya\u015f\u0131 itibar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ebeveynlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fine sahiptir<\/u>. \u00c7ocuk gerek Mahkeme\u2019de, gerekse de Mahkemece kendisine g\u00f6rev tevdi edilen uzmana verdi\u011fi beyan\u0131nda, \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de annesi yan\u0131nda kalmak istedi\u011fini, babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na d\u00f6nmek istemedi\u011fini\u2019 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/u> \u00c7ocu\u011fun annesi ile kalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu da iddia ve ispat edilmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re bu \u00e7ocuk y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de iade iste\u011finin reddi gerekir(S\u00f6zle\u015fme m. 13\/2). O halde, yerel mahkemece \u00e7ocuklardan G.y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nlere i\u015faret eden ve Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nca da benimsenen \u00d6zel Daire bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken, \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.20<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u00c7ocu\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke makam\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7ocu\u011fun iadesi talebinin reddine karar verme yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu bir di\u011fer d\u00fczenleme, S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 20. maddesi i\u00e7erisinde yerini almaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcracaatta bulunan mutad mesken \u00fclkesinde insan haklar\u0131 ihlalinin var oldu\u011fu kabul edilirse, iade talebinin reddi devreye girebilir.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u00c7ocu\u011fu al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015famdan koparmak noktas\u0131nda soyut say\u0131labilecek bir de\u011ferlendirmeye kap\u0131 aralayan bu madde, uygulanacaksa titizlikle de\u011ferlendirme konusu yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lgili maddede yer alan, \u201cinsan haklar\u0131 ve temel h\u00fcrriyetler\u201d <\/em>ifadesinin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 ilkesinden vazge\u00e7meyerek uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 hukukunun asgari standartlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fumuzu ifade etmek isteriz.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.27<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  Son olarak, \u00e7ocu\u011fun iadesi talebinin reddine karar verilebilecek bir d\u00fczenlemeden daha bahsetmekte fayda vard\u0131r. Bu son imkan; S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 27. maddesinde, talebin hakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi halinde merkezi makama tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131na girmedi\u011fini \u015fekli olarak tespit eden merkezi makam\u0131n esas y\u00f6n\u00fcnden inceleme yapma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \u00d6rnek olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun 16 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 veya m\u00fcracaat edilen \u00fclkenin S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye taraf olmamas\u0131 halleri verilebilir[7]<\/strong><\/a>. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede m\u00fcracaatta bulunulan \u00fclkeye tan\u0131nan bu imk\u00e2n g\u00f6stermektedir ki, red karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm bilgi ve belgelere ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131nda yer vermek olduk\u00e7a kritik bir mesele olup bu anlamda bir avukattan destek al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri muhakkakt\u0131r. Nitekim m\u00fcracaat ba\u015fvurusuna eklenebilecek bilgi ve belgeler, S\u00f6zle\u015fme m.8\u2019de de numerus clasus<\/em> olmayacak \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  *Av. Sevgi Aksoy<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  \n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [1]<\/a> 10.07.2018 tarihli ve 30474 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan 1 No’lu Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesinin 11’inci B\u00f6l\u00fcm 315’inci maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fen ad\u0131yla: \u201cD\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [2]<\/a> \u00d6zel, Erkan, P\u00fcrselim, Karaca; Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk, <\/strong>2. Bas\u0131, On \u0130ki Levha, \u0130stanbul, 2023, s.292.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [3]<\/a> Ali G\u00fcmrah Toker, Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Y\u00f6nlerine Dair Lahey S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Kapsam\u0131nda \u00c7ocu\u011fun Mutad Meskeni Kavram\u0131,<\/strong> 1. Bas\u0131, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2020, s.73.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [4]<\/a> Bahad\u0131r Erdem. (2011). \u201cT\u00fcrk Hukukunda Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rma ve Uygulamalar\u0131 (\u201cMakale\u201d)\u201d<\/em> (2015) 35 (2) MHB 147-171.,<\/em> s.153.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [5]<\/a> Aysel \u00c7elikel\/B. Bahad\u0131r Erdem, Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk,<\/strong> 14. Bas\u0131, Beta Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 2016, s. 277-278.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [6]<\/a> \u00d6zel, Erkan, P\u00fcrselim, Karaca; a.g.e.,<\/strong> s.294.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  [7]<\/a> Ali G\u00fcmrah Toker, a.g.e.,<\/strong> s.107.<\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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                  \n\t\t\t\t\t

                  Ba\u015fl\u0131k Metninizi Buraya Ekleyin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  T\u00fcrkiye ad\u0131na 21.01.1998 tarihinde imzalanan 1980 tarihli Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n Hukuki Ve\u00e7helerine \u0130li\u015fkin La Haye S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin onaylanmas\u0131, 03.11.1999 tarih ve 4461 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunla uygun bulunmu\u015f ve 29.12.1999 tarih ve 99\/13909 say\u0131l\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulu Karar\u0131 ile onaylanarak 23965 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 15.02.2000 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0 Anayasa m. 90\/5 uyar\u0131nca pozitif hukukumuza halihaz\u0131rda dahil olan S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin …<\/p>\n

                  ULUSLARARASI \u00c7OCUK KA\u00c7IRMA<\/span> Devam\u0131 »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[182,186,190,184,192,180,188],"class_list":["post-3634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-cocuk","tag-cocukkacirma","tag-iade","tag-kacirma","tag-mutadmesken","tag-uluslararasi","tag-uluslararasicocukkakacirma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3634"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3671,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3634\/revisions\/3671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}