{"id":2410,"date":"2022-07-18T14:16:50","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T14:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/?p=2410"},"modified":"2022-07-18T15:01:10","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T15:01:10","slug":"eser-sozlesmesinde-sozlesme-bedelinin-uyarlanmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/?p=2410","title":{"rendered":"ESER S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDE S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N UYARLANMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2410\" class=\"elementor elementor-2410\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65139fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65139fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6563ef1\" data-id=\"6563ef1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d08f61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0d08f61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Adsiz-tasarim.jpg\" title=\"Ads\u0131z tasar\u0131m\" alt=\"Ads\u0131z tasar\u0131m\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af88edf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af88edf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a6d79d\" data-id=\"1a6d79d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e9b89f elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e9b89f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n iradelerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131yla kurulan bir hukuki i\u015flemdir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulduktan sonra ise <em>\u201cahde vefa\u201d<\/em> ilkesi uyar\u0131nca taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gerekmektedir zira ahde vefa ilkesine g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tek tarafl\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Buna ra\u011fmen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi tek tarafl\u0131 fesheden taraf, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihte var olan \u015fartlar zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ise s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken g\u00f6zetilen denge a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede bozulabilir. Bu tarz durumlar\u0131n ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 138. maddesinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, edimler aras\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dengesizlik oldu\u011fu durumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dengesizlik, sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumun edimin ifas\u0131n\u0131 taraflardan biri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmesi sonucunu do\u011furur. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise ahde vefa ilkesinin istisnalar\u0131ndan biridir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, ya\u015fanan dengesizli\u011fin denkle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin mevcut \u015fartlara uyarlanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p><h5>1. ESER S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 NED\u0130R?<\/h5><p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 470. maddesinde eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p><p><em>\u201cEser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, y\u00fcklenicinin bir eser meydana getirmeyi, i\u015f sahibinin de bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir bedel \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlendi\u011fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, tam iki tarafa bor\u00e7 y\u00fckleyen s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel ili\u015fkide, y\u00fcklenicinin eseri tamamlama ve teslim borcuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, i\u015f sahibinin bedel \u00f6deme borcu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Taraflar baz\u0131 durumda bedeli tam olarak belirleyemeyebilir. Bu durumlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bedel belirlenebilir TBK 481 \u201cYakla\u015f\u0131k Bedel\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Taraflar\u0131n \u00f6denecek olan bedelin miktar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulurken \u00f6nceden ve kesin olarak belirlemeleri durumunda ise TBK. m. 480 uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel \u00fczerinden kurulmu\u015f bir eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p><h5><strong>2. G\u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dc BEDEL KAVRAMI NED\u0130R?<\/strong><\/h5><p>T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 480. maddesinde, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel kavram\u0131 ve g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde bedel uyarlamas\u0131n\u0131n hangi durumlarda talep edilebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel \u00fczerinden kurulmu\u015f eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde, i\u015f sahibinin borcu taraflarca kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bedeli yani belirli bir miktar paray\u0131 \u00f6demektir. Ancak, taraflar\u0131n para yerine ba\u015fka bir edimin ifas\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin; arsa pay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde i\u015f sahibinin borcu arsa pay\u0131n\u0131 devretmektir. Para yerine ba\u015fka bir edimin ifas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu bu gibi durumlarda da kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan edim kesin \u015fekilde belirlenmi\u015fse i\u015f sahibinin borcu \u201cg\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d kabul edilir. Bedelin \u201cg\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in iki \u015fart\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekir:<\/p><ul><li>\u00d6denecek olan bedel, \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>\u00d6denecek bedel, sonradan de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek \u015fekilde kesin olarak belirlenmelidir.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Taraflar\u0131n g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel kararla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 durumunda kural, bu bedelin de\u011fi\u015fmemesidir. As\u0131l kural, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedelin de\u011fi\u015fmezli\u011fi olmakla birlikte kanun koyucu baz\u0131 durumlarda y\u00fckleniciye h\u00e2kimden bedel art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 talebinde bulunma, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 halinde ise s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><p>TBK m. 480\/2 uyar\u0131nca ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen veya \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilse dahi taraflarca g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmayan durumlar, kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedelle eserin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olur ya da yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 son derece g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirirse, y\u00fcklenici h\u00e2kimden g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedelin yeni duruma uyarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilmektedir.<\/p><p>S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu s\u0131radaki \u015fartlar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ifas\u0131na kadar de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilir. Bu tarz durumlara \u00f6rnek olarak yak\u0131n bir gelecekte ya\u015fanan pandemi verilebilece\u011fi gibi, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal, sava\u015f, ekonomik kriz, enflasyonun y\u00fckselmesi ve paran\u0131n de\u011ferinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi de \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uyarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumun ya da olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ici de\u011fil s\u00fcrekli veya en az\u0131ndan uzun s\u00fcreli olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir.<\/p><h5><strong>3. G\u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dc BEDEL\u0130N UYARLANMASININ \u015eARTLARI<\/strong><\/h5><p>Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedelin uyarlanabilmesi i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda ilk olarak beklenmeyen halin var olmas\u0131 aran\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, uyarlama talebini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan durum, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131nca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen veya \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi muhtemel bir hal olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Beklenmeyen halin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan eserin g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fccretle tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu halin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 taraflara isnat edilmemeli ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcklenicinin de ilgili durumda kusuru bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcklenici s\u00f6z konusu beklenmeyen, beklenmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f sahibine ihbar ettikten sonra \u015fayet s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bedelin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm yoksa s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc bedel mevcut \u015fartlara uyarlanabilecektir. Bu sayede s\u00f6zle\u015fme ayakta kal\u0131rken bir yandan da s\u00f6zle\u015fme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla taraflar ma\u011fduriyet ya\u015famayacakt\u0131r.<\/p><h5><strong>4. SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/h5><p>Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uyarlanmas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131n istisnas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu istisnan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndaki sebep ise a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak taraflar\u0131 zor duruma sokaca\u011f\u0131ndan, hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan mevcut halin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uyarlanmas\u0131 ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenebilecektir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme, mevcut \u015fartlara uyarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 veya ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 muhtemel sorunlar bertaraf edilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde ve d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan mevcut geli\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifa g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn meydana gelme ihtimali artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Covid-19 pandemisi ticari hayat\u0131 olumsuz etkilemi\u015f ve enflasyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015ftur T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde son zamanlarda etkisini daha da hissettiren enflasyonun tahmin edilenden \u00e7ok\u00e7a y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, mevcut s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin ifas\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkide bulunmu\u015ftur. Taraflar\u0131n ya\u015fananlardan olumsuz etkilenmesini en aza indirgeyecek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden biri ise var olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin uyarlanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>Uyarlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden d\u00f6nme imk\u00e2n\u0131 da kanunda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6ncelikle s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ayakta tutulmas\u0131 esas\u0131 ile hareket edilmeli, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 halinde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erdirilmesi yolu se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Fikret Eren, Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku \u00d6zel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Yetkin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2019, s. 666-667<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><strong>Konuyla ilgili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorunuz i\u00e7in ofisimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz. Size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktan memnuniyet duyar\u0131z.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p><strong><em>Bu makalenin t\u00fcm haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131 olup kaynak g\u00f6sterilmeksizin veya Erkan|Partners\u2019\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, kopyalanmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir suretle yay\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r. Aksi bir durumun tespiti halinde yasal yollara ba\u015fvurulacakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u00f6zle\u015fme, taraflar\u0131n iradelerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ve birbirine uygun olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131yla kurulan bir hukuki i\u015flemdir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme kurulduktan sonra ise \u201cahde vefa\u201d ilkesi uyar\u0131nca taraflar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gerekmektedir zira ahde vefa ilkesine g\u00f6re s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tek tarafl\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Buna ra\u011fmen s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi tek tarafl\u0131 fesheden taraf, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n zararlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarihte var olan &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/?p=2410\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ESER S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130NDE S\u00d6ZLE\u015eME BEDEL\u0130N\u0130N UYARLANMASI<\/span> Devam\u0131 &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84,69,66,53],"tags":[82],"class_list":["post-2410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eser-sozlesmesi","category-insaat-hukuku","category-insaat-sozlesmesi-sozlesmeler-hukuku","category-sozlesmeler-hukuku","tag-eser-sozlesmesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2410"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2416,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2410\/revisions\/2416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erkanpartners.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}